AI Engineering๐Ÿ’ฌ Prompt Engineering๐Ÿง  Prompting Techniques

Advanced Prompting Techniques

1. Chain-of-Thought (CoT) Prompting

A technique that encourages the model to break down complex problems into steps.

Example

prompt
Question: If John has 5 apples and gives 2 to Mary, who then gives 1 to Tom, how many apples does Mary have?
Let's solve this step by step:
John starts with 5 apples
2. John gives 2 apples to Mary
3. Mary gives 1 apple to Tom
Therefore, Mary has 1 apple (2 - 1 = 1)
Answer: Mary has 1 apple

Additional Example

Question: A store has 120 items in stock. They sell 30% of items on Monday and 25% of the remaining items on Tuesday. How many items are left?
Let's solve this step by step:
1. Initial stock is 120 items
2. Monday's sales: 30% of 120 = 120 ร— 0.30 = 36 items sold
3. Items after Monday: 120 - 36 = 84 items
4. Tuesday's sales: 25% of 84 = 84 ร— 0.25 = 21 items sold
5. Final remaining items: 84 - 21 = 63 items
Answer: 63 items are left

2. Few-Shot Prompting

Providing examples to guide the modelโ€™s responses.

Example

prompt
Input: The movie was great!
Sentiment: Positive

Input: I didn't enjoy the service.
Sentiment: Negative

Input: The food was okay.
Sentiment: Neutral

Input: This is the best day ever!
Sentiment:

Additional Example

Task: Convert these sentences to past tense

Input: I eat breakfast every morning.
Output: I ate breakfast every morning.

Input: She runs to the store.
Output: She ran to the store.

Input: They write code together.
Output: They wrote code together.

Input: He speaks three languages.
Output:

3. Role Prompting

Assigning a specific role or persona to the AI.

Example

Act as an experienced Python developer. Review this code and suggest improvements:

def calc_sum(lst):
    sum = 0
    for i in lst:
        sum = sum + i
    return sum

Additional Example

Act as an experienced data scientist. Review this dataset and provide insights:

Dataset:
Age  Income  Education  Purchased
25   45000   Bachelor   No
35   85000   Masters    Yes
28   35000   Bachelor   No

4. Zero-Shot Prompting

Asking the model to perform tasks without examples.

Example

Classify this text into categories: business, technology, or entertainment:
"Apple announces new iPhone with revolutionary AI capabilities"

Additional Example

Identify if this statement is a fact or opinion:
"The Earth's atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen"

5. Self-Consistency Prompting

Getting multiple solutions and finding the most consistent answer.

Example

Solve this problem multiple ways:
What is 15% of 80?

Method 1: 80 ร— 0.15
Method 2: (80 ร— 15) รท 100
Method 3: 80 รท 100 ร— 15

Additional Example

Calculate the area of a circle with radius 5 using different approaches:

Method 1: Using ฯ€ rยฒ
Method 2: Using diameter ร— ฯ€ รท 4
Method 3: Using circumference ร— radius รท 2

6. Tree of Thoughts (ToT)

Exploring multiple reasoning paths simultaneously.

Example

Problem: What's the best way to learn a new programming language?

Let's explore different approaches:
Path A: Self-study
- Pros: Flexible pace, cost-effective
- Cons: Lack of guidance, potential gaps

Path B: Bootcamp
- Pros: Structured learning, networking
- Cons: Expensive, fixed schedule

Path C: Project-based
- Pros: Practical experience, portfolio building
- Cons: May miss fundamentals

Additional Example

Problem: Should a startup focus on product development or marketing first?

Path A: Product First
- Initial thoughts: Build solid foundation
  - Sub-thought: Perfect core features
  - Sub-thought: Gather user feedback
- Outcome: Strong product, delayed growth

Path B: Marketing First
- Initial thoughts: Build audience early
  - Sub-thought: Pre-launch excitement
  - Sub-thought: Early adopter feedback
- Outcome: Fast growth, potential product gaps

Path C: Hybrid Approach
- Initial thoughts: Balanced strategy
  - Sub-thought: MVP development
  - Sub-thought: Targeted marketing
- Outcome: Moderate growth, iterative improvement

7. ReAct Prompting

Combining reasoning and acting in an iterative process.

Example

Task: Find a good restaurant in Paris

Thought: I need to consider cuisine type and location
Action: What type of cuisine are you interested in?
Response: French cuisine
Thought: Need to find highly-rated French restaurants
Action: Looking for top-rated French restaurants in central Paris

Additional Example

Task: Help a user choose a programming language to learn

Thought: Need to understand user's goals and background
Action: What's your programming experience and career goals?
Response: Complete beginner interested in web development
Thought: Web development suggests starting with frontend basics
Action: Recommend starting with HTML/CSS/JavaScript pathway
Response: Sounds good, how long will it take?
Thought: Need to provide realistic timeline
Action: Outline 3-6 month learning roadmap for basics

8. Least-to-Most Prompting

Breaking complex problems into smaller, manageable steps.

Example

Complex task: Create a web application
Steps:
1. Define requirements
2. Design user interface
3. Set up development environment
4. Create basic structure
5. Implement features
6. Test and debug
7. Deploy

Additional Example

Complex task: Write a research paper
Steps:
1. Choose topic
2. Gather sources
3. Create outline
4. Write introduction
5. Develop body paragraphs
6. Draft conclusion
7. Add citations
8. Review and edit
9. Format document

9. Context Refinement

Iteratively improving context for better responses.

Example

Initial: Write about cars
Refined: Write about electric vehicles
More refined: Write about Tesla Model 3's features and specifications
Final: Compare Tesla Model 3's 2023 features with its 2022 version

Additional Example

Initial: Write about space
Refined: Write about Mars exploration
More refined: Write about NASA's Mars rovers
Final: Compare the scientific discoveries made by Curiosity vs Perseverance rovers on Mars

10. Output Format Control

Specifying exact output structure.

Example

Generate a product review in the following format:
Product Name:
Rating (1-5):
Pros:
- [point 1]
- [point 2]
Cons:
- [point 1]
- [point 2]
Verdict:

Additional Example

Create a bug report in the following format:
Bug ID:
Severity (Critical/High/Medium/Low):
Environment:
Steps to Reproduce:
1.
2.
3.
Expected Behavior:
Actual Behavior:
Screenshots/Logs:
Assigned To:
Status:

Best Practices for Advanced Techniques

When to Use Each Technique

  • Chain-of-Thought: Complex reasoning problems
  • Few-Shot: Pattern-based tasks
  • Role Prompting: Expert knowledge needed
  • Zero-Shot: Simple, straightforward tasks
  • Self-Consistency: Accuracy-critical problems

Combining Techniques

  • Chain-of-Thought + Role Prompting
  • Few-Shot + Output Format Control
  • ReAct + Tree of Thoughts

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

  • Overcomplicating simple prompts
  • Providing inconsistent examples
  • Unclear role definitions
  • Too many constraints
  • Insufficient context

Resources for Further Learning

References


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